Optometry and Ophthalmology

Relationship between Optometry and Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Approach to Eye Care

Optometry and ophthalmology are complementary disciplines that work together to ensure comprehensive eye care, from prevention to treatment of eye diseases. Although they have distinct roles, their collaboration is key to optimizing patients' eye health.

Areas of Collaboration

1. Early Disease Detection

Optometrist: Performs routine exams and refers to an ophthalmologist if:

Glaucoma (elevated intraocular pressure).

Diabetic retinopathy.

Early cataracts.

Ophthalmologist: Confirms the diagnosis and initiates treatment.

2. Keratoconus Management

Optometrist: Fits special lenses (RGP, scleral) and monitors progression.

Ophthalmologist: Performs crosslinking (CXL) or corneal transplantation if necessary.

3. Refractive Surgery

Optometrist: Selects candidates for LASIK/PRK and performs postoperative checkups.

Ophthalmologist: Performs surgery and manages complications.

4. Visual Rehabilitation

Optometrist: Vision therapy for amblyopia ("lazy eye") or strabismus.

Ophthalmologist: Extraocular muscle surgery if required.

Context in Mexico

Legal Framework: Optometrists can practice independently, but do not prescribe drugs or perform surgeries (Official Mexican Standard NOM-013-SSA3-2015).

Working Models:

In private clinics, ophthalmologists and optometrists often collaborate.

In the public sector (IMSS, ISSSTE), referral is mandatory for medical treatment.

Benefits of this Collaboration

✔ More accurate and timely diagnoses.

✔ Step-by-step care: The optometrist filters out mild cases, reducing the burden on ophthalmology consultations.

✔ Greater access to eye care (especially in rural areas).

✔ Continuous follow-up (e.g., patients with diabetes or glaucoma).

Cases Requiring Immediate Referral to an Ophthalmologist

Sudden vision loss.

Intense eye pain (possible acute glaucoma).

Ocular trauma

Signs of infection (red eye + purulent discharge).

80% of blindness cases are preventable with early detection (WHO).

Only 30% of Mexicans with vision problems attend annual checkups (ENADID).

50% of referrals from optometrists to ophthalmologists are for cataracts and glaucoma (AMO).